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EBM Guide
A quick reference for statistical terms and evidence-based concepts.
Glossary
Evidence for Practice
Top
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
L
M
N
O
P
R
S
T
V
TERM
FUNCTION
STAGE
A
Absolute risk
Absolute risk reduction/increase (ARR/ARI)
Adjustment
B
Bias
Blinding
C
Case series
Case-control study
Causality
Central tendency
Clinical significance
Cohort study
Confidence interval (CI)
Confounding variable
Correlation
Cross-sectional study
Crossover study
D
Dependent variable
Dose-response relationship
E
Etiology
Experimental event rate (EER)
External validation
F
Forest plot
Funnel plot
G
Gold standard
H
Hawthorne effect
Heterogeneity
Histogram
I
Incidence
Index test
Intention to treat analysis
Internal validation
Interquartile range
K
Kaplan-Meier survival graph
L
Likelihood ratio
Logistic regression
M
Medical subject headings (MeSH)
Meta-analysis
Multiple linear regression
N
N-of-1 trial
Negative predictive value (NPV)
Nominal data
Normal distribution
Null hypothesis
Number needed to harm (NNH)
Number needed to treat (NNT)
O
Observational study
Odds ratio (OR)
One-sided (tailed) test
Ordinal data
Outcomes study
P
P value
Patient expected event rate (PEER)
Patient-oriented evidence (POE)
Permuted block randomization
Positive predictive value (PPV)
Post-marketing surveillance
Post-test probability
Power
Pre-test probability
Prevalence
Primary research
Prospective study
Publication bias
R
Randomized controlled trial
Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve
Regression
Regression line
Relative risk (RR)
Relative risk reduction (RRR)
Retrospective study
Risk ratio
S
Sample size
Sampling bias
Secondary research
Selection bias
Sensitivity
SnNout
SpPin
Specificity
Standard deviation
Standard error of estimate
Statistical significance
Statistical validity
Stepwise regression
Strength of inference
Study design
Study validity
Surrogate outcome/endpoint
Systematic review
T
True negative
True positive
Two-sided (tailed) test
Type I error
Type II error
V
Verification bias