MDCalc

RIETE Score for Risk of Hemorrhage in Pulmonary Embolism Treatment

Determine the risk of major bleeding during anticoagulant therapy.

Recent major bleeding

Creatinine >1.2 mg/dL (106 µmol/L)

Anemia
Hgb <13 g/dL for men, Hgb <12 g/dL for women
Malignancy history
Clinically-overt pulmonary embolism
Patients who were evaluated for PE and PE diagnosed, NOT incidental PE found during other studies
Age >75

Result:

Please fill out required fields.
Advice
  • Use as an adjunct to clinical judgment rather than a standalone decision-making tool. 
  • Regularly reassess bleeding risk during therapy, as the model captures only baseline risk and does not account for interval clinical changes.
  • Predictive performance declines when applied beyond the initial 3 months of anticoagulation.
  • Regardless of the management strategy chosen, informed consent remains essential.
Management
  • Low risk: Initiation of anticoagulation with standard monitoring is generally reasonable.
  • Intermediate risk: Carefully weigh the risks and benefits of anticoagulation before initiating therapy.
  • High risk: Consider alternative management strategies and closer monitoring in patients at high bleeding risk.
Critical Actions

Risks and benefits of anticoagulation should be carefully considered in ALL patients prior to initiating therapy.