MDCalc

Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Provides diagnostic criteria for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Required criteria

Must have all three of the following:

Risk factor

Select one of the following:

Severity

Based on oxygenation, select one of the following:

Diagnostic Result

Please fill out required fields.
Advice
  • Always interpret results in the context of clinical evaluation and expert input.
  • Reassess ARDS severity throughout the patient’s clinical course as oxygenation and ventilatory needs evolve.
Management
  • For patients who do not meet criteria for ARDS:
    • Evaluate alternative diagnoses and contributing conditions.
    • Reassess if new data become available or if the patient’s clinical status changes.
  • For patients who meet criteria for ARDS:
    • Initiate lung-protective ventilation: tidal volume 4–8 mL/kg predicted body weight (PBW), plateau pressure <30 cm H₂O, minimize driving pressure.
    • Consider a high-PEEP strategy, especially in moderate-to-severe cases.
    • Use prone positioning in moderate-to-severe ARDS.
    • If hemodynamically stable, adopt a conservative fluid management approach.
    • For refractory hypoxemia, consider ECMO in experienced centers; tools that may support further assessment include: